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Effect of regular physical exercise on metabolism of adipose tissue in elderly
Čížková, Terezie ; Šiklová, Michaela (advisor) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Ageing is associated with changes in body composition, which is caused by decreases in muscle mass and a progressive increase of fat mass. It is also associated with redistribution of adipose tissue with increased visceral and ectopic fat deposition. These changes are related to insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. Adipose tissue dysfunction is important contributor to the disturbed metabolic status of elderly and it is characterized by altered adipogenesis, metabolic flexibility and changes in secretory activity. Regular exercise is indisputably a key part of a healthy lifestyle. It was shown to improve muscle function, cardiovascular fitness and metabolic health of elderly. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether a regular physical exercise can influence characteristics of an adipose tissue in elderly women, and if these changes in the adipose tissue can contribute to an improvement in an insulin sensitivity. In the two groups of elderly women, a long-term trained and a sedentary, the subcutaneous adipose tissue was analyzed for a gene expression of number of metabolic genes, an adipocyte size and a lipolytic rate at the basal state and after the isoproterenol stimulation. Anthropometric parameters and insulin sensitivity were also determined. Outcomes of this thesis...
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Energetický metabolismus inbredních myších linií a jeho ovlivnění dietou
Kůs, Vladimír ; Kopecký, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee) ; Mráček, Tomáš (referee)
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders, called as "metabolic syndrome", currently represent a major social and economical problem of public health. From the energy balance point of view, long-lasting energy surplus leads eventually to massive accumulation of energy stores resulting in various adverse effects on metabolism and health. General goal of the thesis was to examine these metabolic disorders at cellular and whole-body level using suitable mouse models. The main focus was on the most metabolically active tissue, namely skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue and on the regulatory roles of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and leptin in the energy metabolism. The whole thesis is based on four published studies. Two studies were focused on skeletal muscle. In the first study, we proved the involvement of leptin and AMPK in the metabolic response to high-fat diet-feeding. We described a mechanism of muscle non- shivering thermogenesis based on enhanced lipid catabolism, which contributes to the genetically-determined resistance of inbred A/J mice to obesity. Such mechanism was not operating in obesity-prone C57BL/6 mice. In the second study, performed using C57BL/6 mice, we have described beneficial effect of combination treatment using n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of...
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Sense of physical activity in patients with type 1 diabetes
Petráňová, Jitka ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Máček, Miloš (referee)
In this thesis I'm analysing the topic physical activity with the connection to compensation of diabetes mellitus type 1. I focus on different attributes of physical activity, especially on endurance and resistance exercises. I observe the impat of physical activity on sensitivity of insulin receptors and on activation of GLUT 4 transporters in relation to the impact on compensation of diabetes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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